Our Environment and a Sustainable Future
Professor Elizabeth Thomas - Hope
Chair of Environmental Managment, UWI Mona
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Environmental conservation and development continue to be in constant tension at best and outright conflict at worst. Among the evidence is the fact that the largest growth in GDP per capita in Caribbean countries over the second half of the 20th century has been where tourism investments were greatest (Antigua, Bahamas, Barbados, Cayman, Virgin Islands) or where oil and natural gas (mainly methane, which is a greenhouse gas) was produced (Trinidad and Tobago). Tourism competes with nature for wetlands and other ecosystems of the coastal zones: and makes heavy demands on fresh water resources, now reaching crisis levels in the countries that most depend upon tourism. The current and proposed shifts to desalination of sea water are not only costly but also increase the energy used and thereby the carbon dioxide emitted. High economic performance outside of the tourism and gas sectors, as in mining and monoculture agriculture, were also associated over the same period with increased deforestation and increased fresh water demands without managing the impacts.
It is generally hoped, if not assumed, that technology will provide the answer through compensatory mechanisms for the natural processes that cleanse, stabilize and replenish the environment that we have irrevocably disturbed. However, in addition to the environmental side effects of technological innovations, all new technology comes at a financial cost which threatens the poorest countries and the poorest in all countries—reinforcing the social inequities that poverty alleviation programmes are designed to reduce. It also takes time to develop, agree upon, implement and disseminate for widespread use any new technology. If we are to buy time while new technologies and innovations become effective, the question—as yet without an answer—is how much time do we have?
Amelioration of the problem has been proposed in various ways. The virtual trade in carbon (where greenhouse gas savings in a developing country are paid for to offset emissions in a developed country) provides political solutions rather than environmental ones. Other current carbon offsetting schemes may help—e.g. trees planted for purposes of carbon sequestration in lieu of carbon emissions of air travel. However, it takes several years for a seedling to become a tree and only six hours in a plane to contribute a possible 3.6 tonnes per person to carbon dioxide emission.
Public support of ‘green’ companies, retail outlets and supermarkets could move production patterns in environmentally and socially sensitive directions. Fiscal incentives for environmental good practice would also help to change corporate behaviour. There has to be the political will and government action, private sector practice and the public fully engaged if the goal posts are to be successfully repositioned.
Platitudes and politically safe language about sustainable development are easy to repeat but will not get us very far. A new mindset and commitment are needed that leads to enhancing appreciation of the positive aspects of Earth as home—source of life and livelihood as well as of creative inspiration. We need to be determined to keep it that way. Promotion of a culture based on being empowered by the environment rather than obsessively seeking power over it, must permeate thought and action.
The ‘bottom line’ is that sustainability has to be principally based on understanding and respecting the dynamic of the environment, so that its ever-changing limits and capacity may be recognised and continually re-assessed, and this pursued with the goal of enhancing social equity within our region. This is not the language of popular discourse and many will disagree with this ‘bottom line’. For those concerned with ‘what is in it for me?’, and who can only be mobilized into environmentally precautionary and socially cooperative action by the threat of imminent disaster, then take this suggested ‘bottom line’ as the language of survival. Our future depends on it.



