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CRU
Research Archive
Excerpts
from CRU's Annual Reports 1991-2002 are presented
here. Titles of all articles are available, and
some abstracts, however if you wish to have full-length
articles, you may submit a request by filling out the request form online or sending an email
to CRU identifying the article by its title, authors
and the year it was published. You may view article
titles and abstracts by clicking on the year of
the annual report.
2002
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CRU
Annual Report 2002
Conservation
True to type trees in the ICG,T (L.A. Motilal)
The collaborative CRU/USDA cocoa DNA fingerprinting
project: progress report (M. Boccara, D.R. Butler,
L.A. Motilal, A. Sankar, F.L. Bekele)
Characterisation
Characterisation of accessions from the International
Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad for some traits of economic
interest (F.L. Bekele, G. Bidaisee, W. Mollineau
and N. Persad)
Evaluation
Field resistance of cocoa to Witches' Broom and
Black Pod diseases (J-M. Thévenin, R. Umaharan,
B.M. Latchman and S. Surujdeo-Maharaj)
Mass screening for resistance to Witches' Broom
disease under greenhouse conditions (R. Umaharan,
J-M. Thévenin, Y. Mosca and J. Bhola)
Development of an optimised inoculation method to
identify resistance to Witches' Broom disease in
cacao (S. Surujdeo-Maharaj)
Utilisation
Enhancing cacao germplasm for resistance to Black
Pod disease (A.D. Iwaro and V. Singh)
A holistic approach to cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)
quality assessment (D.A. Sukha, S.M. Bharath,
S.S. Straker and D.R. Butler)
Publications and Presentations
Conferences and Workshops
Papers presented
Butler, D.R. and Sukha, D.A. (2002). The future
of cocoa in Caribbean agriculture. Presented at
the Agricultural Diversification Workshop, 17-18
January 2002, St. Augustine, Trinidad.
Posters presented
Motilal, L.A. (2002) Biotechnological solutions
for Caribbean problems. Presented at Sci-TechKnoFest
2002, 12-21 April 2002, Centre of Excellence, Macoya,
Trinidad.
Published papers
Bekele, F.L., Iwaro, A.D. and Butler, D.R. (2002)
Potential value of cacao germplasm at the International
Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICG,T). Pages 219-228
in: Proceedings of the 13th International Cocoa
Research Conference, Vol. I. 9-14 October, 2000,
Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia. Lagos, Nigeria: COPAL.
Butler, D.R. and Sukha, D.A. (2002) The future of
cocoa in Caribbean agriculture. Pages 56-58 in:
Proceedings of the Workshop on Status and Performance
of Diversification Initiatives of Caribbean States,
17-18 January 2002. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Agriculture
Diversification Programme, Faculty of Agriculture
and Natural Sciences, the University of the West
Indies.
Iwaro, A.D. and Butler, D.R. (2002) Germplasm enhancement
for resistance to black pod and witches' broom diseases.
Pages 3-10 in: Proceedings of the 13th International
Cocoa Research Conference, Vol. I. 9-14 October,
2000, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia. Lagos, Nigeria: COPAL.
Motilal L.A., Sounigo O., Thévenin J-M., Risterucci
A-M., Pieretti I., Noyer J-L. and Lanaud C. (2002)
Theobroma cacao L. : Genome map and QTLs for Phytophthora
palmivora resistance. Pages 111-117 in: Proceedings
of the 13th International Cocoa Research Conference,
Vol. I. 9-14 October, 2000, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.
Lagos, Nigeria: COPAL.
Sounigo O., Ramdahin S. and Christopher Y. (2002)
Etude de la diversité génétique du cacaoyer à l'aide
des RAPD. Pages 119-125 in: Proceedings of the 13th
International Cocoa Research Conference, Vol. I.
9-14 October, 2000, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia. Lagos,
Nigeria: COPAL.
Sukha, D.A. and Butler D.R. (2002) Cocoa flavour
research in Trinidad: recent developments. Pages
879-885 in: Proceedings of the 13th International
Cocoa Research Conference, Vol. II. 9-14 October,
2000, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia. Lagos, Nigeria: COPAL.
Surujdeo-Maharaj, S., Iwaro, A.D. and Umaharan,
P. (2002) Assessment of genotype-isolate interaction
in resistance of cacao to Phytophthora palmivora.
Pages 473-480 in: Proceedings of the 13th International
Cocoa Research Conference, Vol. I. 9-14 October,
2000, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia. Lagos, Nigeria: COPAL.
Newsletter Articles
Iwaro, A.D., Bekele, F.L. and Butler, D.R. (2002)
Utilisation of cacao genetic resources at the International
Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad. INGENIC Newsletter 7:
22-24.
Motilal, L.A., Butler, D.R. and Mooleedhar, V. (2002)
Verification in global cacao germplasm collections.
INGENIC Newsletter 7: 4-8.
Sukha, D.A. (2002) Training in chemical analysis
of cocoa beans at CIRAD - Montpellier, France. Faculty
of Science and Agriculture Newsletter 2: 9.
Sukha, D.A. (2002) Cocoa Research at the Marché
aux chocolates 2001 - Paris. Faculty of Science
and Agriculture Newsletter 2: 11.
Other Reports
Motilal, L.A. (2002) Molecular Approach to crop
improvement. Brochure for distribution at Sci-TechKnoFest
2002, 12-21 April 2002, Centre of Excellence, Macoya,
Trinidad.
Sukha, D.A. and Mujaffar, S. (2002). Value added
products from cocoa processing - Options for development.
In: Report of the Ministerial Committee for the
Revitalisation of the cocoa industry in Trinidad
and Tobago, September 2002. Port of Spain, Trinidad.
Return to TOP
CRU
Annual Report 2001
Conservation
Transfer of LCT EEN
clones from Ecuador to Barbados (V. Mooleedhar
and D.R. Butler)
Tree identification within the ICG, T (Lambert
A. Motilal)
Sampling strategies for DNA Extraction in the USDA
fingerprinting project (M. Boccara, E.S. Johnson,
D.R. Butler, F.L. Bekele, L.A. Motilal, A. Sankar,
O. Sounigo, C. O'Connor and C. Williams)
Characterisation
Morphological Variation
in a sample of germplasm from the International
Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (F. Bekele, G. Bidaisee
and W. Mollineau)
Evaluation
Evaluation of accessions
in the International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICG,T)
for resistance to Phytophthora pod rot (A.D.
Iwaro, V. Singh and N.K. Jugmohan)
Evaluation of cocoa germplasm for resistance to
Witches' Broom disease (R. Umaharan, J-M. Thevenin
and S. Surujdeo-Maharaj)
Utilisation
Progress report on germplasm
enhancement for resistance to Black Pod disease
(A.D. Iwaro, V. Singh and N.K. Jugmohan)
Flavour profiles for selected cacao (Theobroma
cacao L.) accessions (D.A. Sukha, D.R. Butler,
C. Bowen-O'Connor and S.S. Straker)
Preliminary results from chemical analyses of selected
cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) accessions - training
experiences at CIRAD (D.A> Sukha, E. Cros, S.
Assemat, F. Davrieux and D.R. Butler)
Publications and Presentations
Conferences and Workshops
Papers presented
Bekele, F.L., Bidaisee, G. and Mollineau, W. Morphological
characterisation of the International Cocoa Genebank
Trinidad at the Cocoa Research Unit. Presented at
the Regional Technical Meeting of the CFC/ICCO/IPGRI
Project on: Cocoa Utilisation and Conservation -
a Global Approach. 5-9 February, 2001, St. Augustine,
Trinidad.
Bharath, S. and Iwaro, A.D. Pre-breeding for resistance
to Black Pod disease of cacao. Presented at the
31st Annual Conference of the Caribbean Food Crop
Society. 16-20 July, 2001, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad.
Butler, D.R., Iwaro, A.D. and Thévenin, J-M. Germplasm
enhancement for Witches' Broom resistance at CRU.
Presented at the Regional Technical Meeting of the
CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Project on: Cocoa Utilisation and
Conservation - a Global Approach. 5-9 February,
2001, St. Augustine, Trinidad.
Iwaro, A.D. and Singh, V. Phytophthora resistance
evaluation in the laboratory. Presented at the Regional
Technical Meeting of the CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Project
on: Cocoa Utilisation and Conservation - a Global
Approach. 5-9 February, 2001, St. Augustine, Trinidad.
Iwaro, A.D., Bharath, S. and Jugmohan, N. Germplasm
Enhancement for resistance to Phytophthora pod rot.
Presented at the Regional Technical Meeting of the
CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Project on: Cocoa Utilisation and
Conservation - a Global Approach. 5-9 February,
2001, St. Augustine, Trinidad.
Iwaro, A.D, Bekele, F. L. and Butler, D.R. Utilisation
of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) germplasm at the International
Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad. Presented at The International
Conference on the Future of Perennial Crops: Investment
and Sustainability in the Humid Tropics. 5-9 November,
2001, Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire.
Motilal, L.A., Sounigo, O., Butler, D.R. and Mooleedhar,
V. Misidentification within global cacao germplasm
collections. Paper presented at the 4th International
Plant tissue Culture Conference 2001, 1st-3rd November
2001, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Motilal, L.A., Sounigo, O., Butler, D.R. and Mooleedhar,
V. Verification Issues in Global Cacao Germplasm
Collections. Paper presented at BioCaT' 2001, the
2nd Caribbean Plant Biotechnology Workshop, 17-19
October, 2001, Bayamo, Cuba.
Sounigo, O. and Sankar, A. Evaluation and use of
the genetic diversity present in the International
Cocoa Genebank (ICG,T), in Trinidad. Presented at
the Regional Technical Meeting of the CFC/ICCO/IPGRI
Project on: Cocoa Utilisation and Conservation -
a Global Approach. 5-9 February, 2001, St. Augustine,
Trinidad.
Sounigo, O., Iwaro, A.D., Thévenin, J-M. and Bekele,
F.L. Identification of candidate clones for the
CFC/ICCO/IPGRI project collection. Presented at
the Regional Technical Meeting of the CFC/ICCO/IPGRI
Project on: Cocoa Utilisation and Conservation -
a Global Approach. 5-9 February, 2001, St. Augustine,
Trinidad.
Thévenin, J-M., Latchman, B., Umaharan, R. and Surujdeo-Maharaj,
S. Field assessment of cocoa germplasm for resistance
to Black Pod disease. Presented at the Regional
Technical Meeting of the CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Project
on: Cocoa Utilisation and Conservation - a Global
Approach. 5-9 February, 2001, St. Augustine, Trinidad.
Thévenin, J-M., Umaharan, R., Surujdeo-Maharaj,
S. and Latchman, B. Evaluation of cocoa resistance
to Witches' Broom disease. Presented at the Regional
Technical Meeting of the CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Project
on: Cocoa Utilisation and Conservation - a Global
Approach. 5-9 February, 2001, St. Augustine, Trinidad.
Posters presented
Sukha, D.A. and Sounigo, O. A brief overview of
the cocoa culture in Trinidad and the activities
of the Cocoa Research Unit. Poster presented at
the Marché aux chocolats. 20-21 October 2001, Bourse
de Commerce, Paris, France.
Published papers
Bandyopadhyay, R., Butler, D.R., Reddy, R.K.,
and Navi, S.S. (2001) Use of information on epidemiology
for the management of grain mold in sorghum. Page
120 in: Book of abstracts for the 8th international
workshop on plant disease epidemiology, 6-11 May,
Ouro Preto, Brazil.
Butler, D.R. (2001) Introductions and workshop objectives.
Pages 1-2 in: Proceedings of the workshop to establish
working procedures for the project to establish
the physical, chemical and organoleptic parameters
to differentiate between fine and bulk cocoa. 31
January - 2 February 2001, Trincity, Trinidad. St.
Augustine, Trinidad: Cocoa Research Unit, the University
of the West Indies.
Butler, D.R. (2001) Project information and overview.
Pages 22-26 in: Proceedings of the Workshop to establish
working procedures for the project to establish
the physical, chemical and organoleptic parameters
to differentiate between fine and bulk cocoa. 31
January - 2 February 2001, Trincity, Trinidad. St.
Augustine, Trinidad: Cocoa Research Unit, the University
of the West Indies.
Motilal, L.A., and Mooleedhar, V. (2001) The role
of CRU's cacao quarantine facility in the assembly
of cacao germplasm. Pages 1-6 in: Proceedings of
INCOPED 3rd International Seminar on cocoa pests
and diseases, 16-17 October 2000, Kota Kinabalu,
Sabah, Malaysia: INCOPED.
Sounigo, O., Christopher, Y. Bekele, F., Mooleedhar,
V., and Hosein, F. (2001) The detection of mislabelled
trees in the International Cocoa Genebank (ICG,T)
and options for a global strategy for identification
of accessions. Pages 34-39 in: Proceedings of the
international workshop on new technologies and cocoa
breeding (Bekele, F., End, M. and Eskes, A.B., Eds).
16- 17 October 2000, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia:
INGENIC.
Sounigo, O., Christopher, Y., Ramadahin, S., Umaharan,
R. and Sankar, A. (2001) Evaluation and use of genetic
diversity present in the International Cocoa Genebank
(ICG,T), in Trinidad. Pages 65-71 in: Proceedings
of the international workshop on new technologies
and cocoa breeding (Bekele, F., End, M. and Eskes,
A.B., Eds), 16- 17 October 2000, Kota Kinabalu,
Sabah, Malaysia: INGENIC.
Sukha, D.A. (2001) Strategy for the post harvest
processing of samples. Pages 41-43 in: Proceedings
of the workshop to establish working procedures
for the project to establish the physical, chemical
and organoleptic parameters to differentiate between
fine and bulk cocoa. 31 January - 2 February 2001,
Trincity, Trinidad. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Cocoa
Research Unit, the University of the West Indies.
Sukha, D.A. (2001) Strategy for the organoleptic
assessment. Pages 44-48 in: Proceedings of the workshop
to establish working procedures for the project
to establish the physical, chemical and organoleptic
parameters to differentiate between fine and bulk
cocoa. 31 January - 2 February 2001, Trincity, Trinidad.
St. Augustine, Trinidad: Cocoa Research Unit, the
University of the West Indies.
Newsletter Articles
Sukha, D.A. (2001). The "Save a Tree" campaign
launch at the International Festival of chocolate.
Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences Newsletter
(1):19.
Sukha, D.A. (2001). Continuing fermentation, drying
and flavour studies at CRU. Faculty of Agriculture
and Natural Sciences Newsletter (1):18.
Journal Articles and Book Chapters
Bandyopadhyay, R., Little, C.R., Waniska, R.D.,
and Butler, D.R. (2001) Sorghum grain mold: Through
the 1990s into the new millennium. Presented in
Global 2000: Sorghum and Pearl Millet Diseases III,
23-30 September, Guanajuato, Mexico. [In press as
a chapter of a book being published by the Iowa
State University Press].
Surujdeo-Maharaj, S., Umaharan, P. and Iwaro, A.D.
(2001). A study of genotype-isolate interaction
in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.): resistance of cacao
genotypes to isolates of Phytophthora palmivora.
Euphytica 118: 295-303.
Conferences and Workshops attended
Lambert Motilal
Workshop on Novel Genetic Markers for Crop Improvement,
4-13 November 2001, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Medical Informatics. A Workshop held during the
conference "Health Sciences in the Caribbean in
the New Millennium". 10-13 January 2001, Faculty
of Medical Sciences, University of The West Indies,
Mt. Hope, Trinidad and Tobago.
Publications edited
Frances Bekele
INGENIC Newsletter Issue 6, August 2001.
Proceedings of the international workshop on new
technologies and cocoa breeding. 16-17 October 2000,
Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia: INGENIC, 2001.
David Butler and Darin Sukha
Proceedings of the workshop to establish working
procedures for the project to establish the physical,
chemical and organoleptic parameters to differentiate
between fine and bulk cocoa. 31 January - 2 February
2001, Trincity, Trinidad. St. Augustine, Trinidad:
Cocoa Research Unit, the University of the West
Indies.
Return to TOP
CRU Annual Report 2000
Conservation
Verification
of clonal accessions in the ICG,T using RAPD and
SSR analyses (L.A. Motilal, O. Sounigo, G.
Briggs and A. Sankar)
Characterisation
Morphological
characterisation of germplasm from the ICG,T: highlights
of recent findings (F.L. Bekele, G.G. Bidaisee
and W.M. Mollineau )
Genetic
diversity assessment using RAPD (O. Sounigo,
S. Ramdahin and A. Sankar)
Evaluation
Evaluation
of cocoa germplasm for resistance to Witches' Broom
disease (R. Umaharan, J-M. Thévenin and S.
Surujdeo-Maharaj)
Germplasm
evaluation at the International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad
for resistance to Phytophthora pod rot
(A.D. Iwaro, V. Singh, S. Bharath and N. Jugmohan)
Utilisation
Germplasm
enhancement for resistance to Black Pod disease
(A.D. Iwaro, V. Singh, S. Bharath and N. Jugmohan)
Sensory
evaluations of roasting temperature and fermentation
time effects on selected cacao (Theobroma cacao
L.) varieties (D.A. Sukha, D. R. Butler and
C. Shripat) Publications
and Presentations
Conferences and Workshops
Papers presented
Bandyopadhyay, R., Little, C.R., Waniska, R.D.,
and Butler, D.R. 2000. Sorghum grain mold: Through
the 1990s into the new millennium. Presented at
Global 2000: Sorghum and Pearl Millet Diseases III.
23-30 September, Guanajuato, Mexico.
Butler, D.R. 2000. Research on a sustainable cocoa
economy in Latin America and the Caribbean. Presented
at the 10th meeting of the Advisory Group on the
World Cocoa Economy. 10-14 April 2000, Santo Domingo,
Dominican Republic.
Butler, D.R. 2000. Sorghum grain mold and weather
relationships. Presented at the Consultative group
meeting on technical and institutional options for
sorghum grain mold management. 18-19 May 2000. ICRISAT,
Patancheru, India.
Butler, D.R. 2000. The need for unequivocal characterisation
of cocoa germplasm. Presented at the BCCCA Cocoa
Research Colloquium - Germplasm characterisation
using molecular tools. 21 September 2000, CIRAD,
Montpellier, France.
Iwaro, A.D. and Butler, D.R. 2000. Germplasm enhancement
for resistance to black pod and witches' broom diseases.
Presented at the 13th International Cocoa Research
Conference. 9-14 October 2000, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.
Motilal L.A., Sounigo O., Thévenin J-M., Risterucci
A-M., Pieretti I., Noyer J-L. and Lanaud C. Theobroma
cacao L. : Genome map and QTLs for Phytophthora
palmivora resistance. Presented at the 13th International
Cocoa Research Conference. 9-14 October 2000, Kota
Kinabalu, Malaysia.
Sounigo O., Ramdahin S. and Christopher Y. Etude
de la diversité génétique du cacaoyer à l'aide des
RAPD. Presented at the 13th International Cocoa
Research Conference. 9-14 October 2000, Kota Kinabalu,
Malaysia.
Sounigo O., Christopher Y., Bekele F., Mooleedhar
V. and Hosein F. The detection of mislabelled trees
in the International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICG,T).
Presented at the 3rd International Group for Genetic
Improvement of Cocoa (INGENIC) International Workshop
on the New technologies and Cocoa Breeding. 16-17
October 2000, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.
Sounigo O., Christopher Y., Ramdahin S., Umaharan
R. and Sankar A. Evaluation of the genetic diversity
present in the International Cocoa Genebank (ICG,T)
in Trinidad. Presented at the 3rd International
Group for Genetic Improvement of Cocoa (INGENIC)
International Workshop on the New technologies and
Cocoa Breeding. 16-17 October 2000, Kota Kinabalu,
Malaysia.
Sounigo O., Motilal L., Thévenin J-M., Horwell M.,
., Risterucci A-M., Pieretti I., Noyer J-L. , Grivet
L., and Lanaud C. Cartographie du génôme et recherche
de marqueurs liés à la résistance à Phytophthora
palmivora. Presented at the Scientific Closing Seminar
of the CAOBISCO/CIRAD/CNRA/CRU/IRAD project: Genetic
basis of cocoa tree resistance to Phytophthora diseases.
19-20 September 2000, Montpellier, France.
Sounigo O., Christopher Y., Bekele F., Mooleedhar
V. and Hosein F. The detection of mislabelled trees
in the International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICG,T).
Presented at the BCCCA Cocoa Research Colloquium
- Germplasm Characterization using Molecular Tools.
21 September 2000, Montpellier, France.
Sukha, D.A. and Butler D.R. 2000. Cocoa flavour
research in Trinidad: recent developments. Presented
at the 13th International Cocoa Research Conference.
9-14 October 2000, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.
Surujdeo-Maharaj, S., Umaharan, P., and Iwaro, A.D.
Host-pathogen interaction between Theobroma cacao
L. and Phytophthora palmivora. Presented at the
11th NIHERST Conference on Agricultural Research
and Development in Trinidad and Tobago. Meeting
the Challenges for Sustainable Agriculture in a
Competitive Environment. 28-29 November 2000, Rudranath
Capildeo Learning Resource Centre, McBean, Trinidad.
Surujdeo-Maharaj, S., Iwaro, A.D. and Umaharan,
P. Assessment of genotype-isolate interaction in
resistance of cacao to Phytophthora palmivora. Presented
at the 13th International Cocoa Research Conference.
October 9-14 2000, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.
Thévenin, J-M. and Motilal, L.A. Development of
the leaf test in Trinidad. Presented at the Scientific
Closing Seminar of the CAOBISCO/CIRAD/CNRA/CRU/IRAD
project: Genetic basis of cocoa tree resistance
to Phytophthora diseases. 19-20 September 2000,
Montpellier, France.
Thévenin, J-M., Motilal, L.A., Howell, M.R. and
Sounigo, O. Use of the leaf test for pre breeding
in Trinidad. Presented at the Scientific Closing
Seminar of the CAOBISCO/CIRAD/CNRA/CRU/IRAD project:
Genetic basis of cocoa tree resistance to Phytophthora
diseases. 19-20 September 2000, Montpellier, France.
Posters presented
Bekele, F., Iwaro, A.D. and Butler, D.R. 2000.
Potential value of cacao germplasm at the International
Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad. Poster presented at the
13th International Cocoa Research Conference. 9-14
October 2000, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.
Doodnath-Umaharan, R. and Umaharan, P. (2000). Hybridisation
studies between Theobroma cacao and the genus Herrania.
3rd International Crop Science Congress 2000. 17-22
August 2000, CCH-Congress Centrum, Hamburg, Germany.
Doodnath-Umaharan, R. Thevénin, J-M., Surujdeo-Maharaj,
S. and Latchman, B. (2000). Evaluation of Theobroma
cacao germplasm at the ICG,T for resistance to Witches'
Broom Disease, using a modified spray inoculation
method. The 11th NIHERST conference on Agricultural
Research and Development in Trinidad and Tobago:
Meeting the Challenges for Sustainable Agriculture
in a Competitive Environment. November 28th-29th
November, 2000. Rudranath Capildeo Learning Resource
Centre, McBean, Trinidad.
Surujdeo-Maharaj, S., Umaharan, P., and Iwaro, A.D.
Host-pathogen interaction between Theobroma cacao
L. and Phytophthora palmivora. Presented at the
11th NIHERST Conference on Agricultural Research
and Development in Trinidad and Tobago. Meeting
the Challenges for Sustainable Agriculture in a
Competitive Environment. 28-29 November, 2000, McBean,
Trinidad.
Published papers
Bandyopadhyay, R., Butler, D.R., Chandreshekar,
A., Reddy, R.K. and Navi, S.S. (2000) Biology, Epidemiology,
and Management of Sorghum Grain Mold. Pages 34-71
in: Technical and institutional options for sorghum
grain mold management: proceedings of an international
consultation. 18-19 May 2000, Patancheru, India.
A. Chandrashekar, R. Bandyopadhyay and A.J. Hall
(eds) Patancheru, India: ICRISAT.
Bekele, F. and Butler, D.R. (2000) Proposed list
of cocoa descriptors for characterisation. Pages
41-48 in: Working procedures for cocoa germplasm
evaluation and selection. Proceedings of the CFC/ICCO/IPGRI
Project Workshop. 1-6 February 1998, Montpellier,
France. A.B. Eskes, J.M.M. Engels and R.A. Lass
(eds) Rome, Italy: International Plant Genetic Resources
Institute.
Iwaro, A.D., Sreenivasan, T.N., Butler, D.R., Thevénin,
J-M., Mooleedhar, V. Bekele, F., Sounigo, S. Umaharan,
P., and Eskes, A. (2000). Strategy for germplasm
enhancement at CRU, Trinidad. Pages 22-28 in: Working
procedures for cocoa germplasm evaluation and selection.
Proceedings of the CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Project Workshop.
1-6 February 1998, Montpellier, France. A.B. Eskes,
J.M.M. Engels and R.A. Lass (eds) Rome, Italy: International
Plant Genetic Resources Institute.
Sounigo O., Christopher Y. and Umaharan R. (2000).
Genetic diversity study of nine cocoa populations
using RAPD. Pages 79-83. in: Proceedings of the
Malaysian International Cocoa Conference : Maximising
Commercial Potential of Cocoa: The Global Perspective.
26-27 November 1998, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. M.T.
Lee, K. Lamin, L. Johnsiul, D.B. Furtek and F.L.
Ening (eds) Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia: Malaysian Cocoa
Board.
Sounigo, O., Mooleedhar, V. Iwaro, A.D., Bekele,
F, Sreenivasan, T.N., Thévenin, J.M., Khan, N. and
Butler, D.R. (2000) Strategy to establish a 'CFC
Project Collection'. Pages 29-37 in: Working procedures
for cocoa germplasm evaluation and selection. Proceedings
of the CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Project Workshop. 1-6 February,
1998, Montpellier, France. A.B. Eskes, J.M.M. Engels
and R.A. Lass (eds) Rome, Italy: International Plant
Genetic Resources Institute.
Journal Articles and Book Chapters
Butler, D.R., Wadia, K.D.R., Reddy, R.K, Das, N.D.,
Johnson, B., Meena Kumari, Krishna Murty, K., Sreenivas,
B. and Srivastava, N.N. (2000) A weather-based scheme
to advise on limited chemical control of groundnut
leaf spot diseases in India. Experimental Agriculture
36: 469-478.
Mooleedhar, V. (2000) Morphological characterisation
and genetic evaluation of a relic Criollo Cacao
(Theobroma cacao L.) population in Belize. PhD Thesis,
The University of the West Indies, Trinidad.
Seminars
Butler, D.R. Cacau de Trinidad: os antecedentes
e posição atual. Seminar presented in the Cocoa
Research Centre (CEPEC), Itabuna, Brazil. July 2000.
Butler, D.R. Comportamento da Vassoura de Bruxa
em Trinidad. Seminar presented in the CEPLAC Regional
Centre, Ilhéus, Brazil. August 2000.
Mooleedhar, V. The domestication of Theobroma cacao
L. in Central America. Faculty of Agriculture and
Natural Sciences Postgraduate Seminar Series. February
2000.
Conferences and Workshops attended
Bekele, F.
Project Planning Workshop of the Cocoa Rehabilitation
Programme for Trinidad and Tobago. 9 12 October
2000, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad. (EDF Project 8ACP
TR 007).
Caribbean Plant Genetic Resources Network Meeting.
21-22 August 2000, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad.
Plant Genetic Resources Documentation and Management
of pcGRIN. 23-25 August 2000, St. Augustine, Trinidad.
Sankar, A.
Tools for developing molecular markers. 21-28 June
2000, Gainesville, Florida.
Vishnarayan Mooleedhar
Technical committee meeting of the Union for the
Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). 23-25
October 2000, Geneva, Switzerland.
CFC Regional Round Table meeting on Commodity Development
in Latin America and the Caribbean Region. 14-17
August 2000, Guatemala.
Return to TOP
CRU Annual Report
1999
Conservation
Rescuing
the John Allen's Cacao Germplasm located at San
Carlos in Ecuador (V. Mooleedhar)
Characterisation
In search
of interesting phenotypes for cacao breeding in
the new millennium (F. Bekele, G. Bidaisee, V.
Badall , P. Polar and W. Mollineau)
An
Assessment of the Phenotypic Diversity of Cacao
Germplasm in the Commonwealth of Dominica
(F. Bekele, M. James and I. Bekele)
Assessment
of the Genetic Diversity in the ICG,T using RAPD
(O. Sounigo and S. Ramdahin)
Evaluation
Evaluation
of Cacao Germplasm for Resistance to Witches' Broom
Disease (R. Umaharan, J-M. Thévenin, S. Surujdeo-Maharaj,
and B. Latchman)
Field
Assessment of Cacao Germplasm for Resistance to
Witches' Broom and Black Pod Diseases (B. Latchman,
R. Umaharan, S. Surujdeo-Maharaj and J-M. Thévenin)
Mass Screening
for Resistance to Black Pod Disease in the ICG,T
(A.D. Iwaro, V. Singh, and S. Bharath)
Utilisation
Genetic
Advancement in the Germplasm Enhancement Programme
for Resistance to Black Pod disease (A.D. Iwaro,
V. Singh, and S. Bharath)
Theobroma
cacao L.: Genome Linkage Map and QTLs for Phytophthora
palmivora Resistance (L.A. Motilal and O. Sounigo)
Publications and Presentations
Conferences and Workshops
Papers presented
Butler, D.R. Current research at the International
Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad. Presented at the USDA-CABI-ACRI
collaborative cocoa research review meeting. 7-8
December 1999, London, UK.
Posters presented
Sukha, D. A. (1999) The International Cocoa Genebank,
Trinidad and Cocoa Research Activities at U.W.I..
Twelfth Caribbean Conference of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering. St. Augustine, Trinidad. March 29th-April
1st, 1999. Department of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering. The University of the West Indies,
St. Augustine, Trinidad.
Published papers
Bekele, F.L. (1999) The role of germplasm characterization
and preliminary evaluation in cocoa improvement.
Pages 18-26 in: Proceedings of Agriculture in the
Caribbean: Issues and Challenges (UWI Ag. 50). Volume
2. The University of the West Indies 50th Anniversary
Celebrations, St. Augustine, Trinidad, 19-21 August,
1998. Port-of-Spain, Trinidad: The UWI Faculty of
Agriculture and Natural Sciences- CEPAT. Bharath,
S., Phillips, W. and Krauss, U. (1999). Practical
notes on work with Phytophthora species. Pages 123-130
in: Research Methodology in Biocontrol of Plant
Diseases with Special Reference to Fungal Diseases
of Cocoa. Workshop Manual. U. Krauss and P. Hebbar
(eds). 28 June - 4 July 1999. Turrialba, Costa Rica:
CATIE. Iwaro, A.D., Sreenivasan, T. N. and Spence,
J.A. (1999) Studies on Black Pod disease in Trinidad.
Pages 67-74 in: Proceedings of the Workshop on the
Contribution of Disease Resistance to Cocoa Variety
Improvement. 25-26 November, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil:
INGENIC. Iwaro, A.D. Sreenivasan, T.N. Umaharan,
P. and Butler, D.R. (1999). Advances in cocoa breeding
in the Caribbean - strategies for the improvement
of cocoa resistance to Black Pod Disease. Pages
27-32 in: Proceedings of Agriculture in the Caribbean:
Issues and Challenges (UWI Ag. 50). Volume 2. The
University of the West Indies 50th Anniversary Celebrations,
St. Augustine, Trinidad, 19-21 August, 1998. Port-of-Spain,
Trinidad: The UWI Faculty of Agriculture and Natural
Sciences- CEPAT. Sreenivasan, T.N. (1999). A note
on advances in mechanisms for Black Pod control
in the Caribbean. Page 33 in: Proceedings of Agriculture
in the Caribbean: Issues and Challenges (UWI Ag.
50). Volume 2. The University of the West Indies
50th Anniversary Celebrations, St. Augustine, Trinidad,
19-21 August, 1998. Port-of-Spain, Trinidad: The
UWI Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences-
CEPAT.
Journal Articles and Book Chapters
Soria, S de J. and Butler, D.R. (1999) Influence
of daylength and air temperature on flight activity
of Forcipomyia (forcipomyia genualis and F. (euprojoannisia)
spatulifera (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) in cocoa
plantation, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil. Entomología y
Vectores, Rio de Janeiro 6: 641-661. Lanaud, C.
Motomayor, J.C. and Sounigo, O. (1999) Le cacaoyer.
Pages 141-173 in: Diversité Génétique des plantes
tropicales. CIRAD. (Hamon, P., Seguin, M. Perrier,
X. and Glaszmann, J.C. Editors) ISBN 2- 87614-334-8.
Seminars
Sukha, D.A. (1999) Heritable flavour traits and
quality of selected cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) genotypes.
PhD. Upgrade Seminar for PhD. in Food Science and
Technology, Civil Engineering Drawing Office, Faculty
of Engineering, 4th November 1999.
Conferences and Workshops attended
Doodnath-Umaharan, R. Agricultural Biotechnology
in Developing Countries: Towards optimising the
benefits of the poor. Organised by the Centre for
Development Research, International Service for
the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications, in
collaboration with Hoeechst Schering Agro Evo GmbH
and the German Foundation for International Development
(DSE). November 15-16, 1999, ZEF Bonn, Walter-Flex-Str.
3, Germany.
Return to TOP
CRU Annual Report
1998
Conservation
Enlarging
the Cacao Genepool Conserved at the International
Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICG,T) (V.
Mooleedhar)
Verification
of Accessions in the ICG,T using Botanical Descriptors
and RAPD Analysis
(Y. Christopher, V. Mooleedhar, F. Bekele, and
F. Hosein)
Characterisation
Morphological
Characterisation - Some Characters of Economic Interest
(F. Bekele, G. Bidaisee, and V. Badall)
Assessing Cacao Genetic Diversity Using IE and RAPD
Techniques (O. Sounigo, S. Ramdahin, R.Umaharan,
and Y. Christopher)
Evaluation
Field Assessment
of Cacao Germplasm for Resistance to Witches' Broom
and Black Pod Diseases (J-M. Thévenin, R. Umaharan,
B. Latchman, and S. Surujdeo-Maharaj)
Evaluation of ICG,T
Accessions for Resistance to Black Pod Disease (A.D.Iwaro,
V. Singh, and S. Bharath)
Host-pathogen Interaction
in Cacao Response to P. palmivora (S. Surujdeo-
Maharaj)
Evaluation of Cacao
Germplasm for Resistance to Witches' Broom Disease
(R. Umaharan, J-M Thévenin, S. Surujdeo-Maharaj,
and B. Latchman)
Histopathology of Witches'
Broom Disease (T.N. Sreenivasan)
Utilisation
Germplasm Enhancement
for Resistance to Black Pod and Witches' Broom Diseases
(A.D.Iwaro, V. Singh, and S. Bharath)
Genome Mapping and
Research on Markers linked to Phytophtora Resistance
in Cacao (O. Sounigo and L. Motilal)
Genetic Basis of Resistance
of Cacao to Phytophthora (J-M. Thévenin, L.A.
Motilal, and M. Howell)
Effect of Roasting
Temperatures on the Comparative Sensory Attributes
of Imperial College Selections and West African
Cocoas (D.A. Sukha, J.C. Reneau, and D.R. Butler)
Publications and Presentations
Workshops and Conferences
Second International seminar on diseases and
pests of cocoa. 19-24 January 1998, Yamoussoukro,
Côte d'Ivoire.
Paper presented
Iwaro, A.D. and Sreenivasan, T.N. Utilisation of
the genetic resources at the International Cocoa
Genebank, Trinidad in breeding for disease resistance
in cacao.
CFC/ICCO/IPGRI Project on cocoa germplasm conservation
and utilization - a global approach. 1-7 February
1998, Montpellier, France.
Papers presented
Bekele, F.L. and Butler, D.R. List of cacao descriptors
for characterisation. Working procedures for cocoa
germplasm evaluation and selection.
Eskes, A.B. and Sounigo, O. Population improvement
and conservation approaches in the project.
Iwaro, A.D., Sreenivasan, T.N., and Butler, D.R.
Rapid screening for Phytophthora pod rot resistance
in cacao: detached pod inoculation test.
Iwaro, A. D., Sreenivasan, T.N. Butler, D.R., Thévenin,
J-M., Mooledhar, V., Bekele, F., Sounigo, O., Umaharan,
P. and Eskes, A.B. Strategy for germplasm enhancement
at CRU, Trinidad.
Sounigo, O., Mooledhar, V., Iwaro, A.D., Bekele,
F.L., Sreenivasan, T.N., Thévenin, J-M., Khan, N.,
and Butler, D.R. Proposed strategy for the development
of a 'working collection ' for the CFC project.
CAOBISCO/CIRAD Scientific workshop for project
participants. Use of molecular markers to identify
the genetic basis of resistance to Black Pod disease
(Phytophthora) and identify early screening markers.
25-26 June 1998, Montpellier, France.
Published papers
Sounigo, O., Thévenin, J-M., Ducamp, M., and Motilal,
L.A. Pre-breeding for resistance to Phytophthora.
pp 86-90
Sounigo, O., Thévenin, J-M., and Motilal, L.A. Search
for markers linked to Phytophthora resistance. pp
23-26
Thévenin, J-M. and Motilal, L.A. Contribution towards
the development of Phytophthora resistance assessment
method. pp 9-20
UWI/FANS 50th Anniversary Conference. Agriculture
in the Caribbean: issues and challenges. 19-21 August
1998, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences,
The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine,
Trinidad and Tobago.
Papers presented
Bekele, F.L. The role of germplasm characterization
and preliminary evaluation in cocoa improvement.
Iwaro, A.D. Sreenivasan, T.N. Umaharan, P., and
Butler, D.R. Advances in cocoa breeding in the Caribbean
- strategies for the improvement of cocoa resistance
to Black Pod disease.
Sreenivasan, T. N. Advances in mechanisms for Black
Pod control in the Caribbean.
International cocoa conference 1998. 25-26 November
1998, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Paper presented
Sounigo, O. Christopher, Y., and Umaharan, R.
Genetic diversity study of nine cocoa populations
using RAPD.
7th International Congress of Plant Pathology.
9-12 August 1998, Edinburgh, Scotland.
Organiser and Chair
Butler, D. R. Symposium 2.5 The external environment
and plant pathogen interactions.
Paper presented
Butler, D. R. Daily weather and plant diseases.
ACRI 50th Anniversary cocoa research meetings.
Informal workshop on future cocoa breeding needs
- the role of CRU. 24 September 1998, Port of Spain,
Trinidad.
Papers presented
Sounigo, O. Isozymes, RAPD, RFLP, microsattelite
capacity at CRU.
Sukha, D. Cocoa flavour assessment.
Bekele, F. L. Characterization for agronomic traits.
Iwaro, A. D. and Umaharan, P. Breeding for resistance
to Black Pod disease in cocoa.
Butler, D.R et al., The capabilities of CRU.
Technical meetings, State of knowledge on mass
production of genetically improved propagules of
cocoa. October 1998, Ilheus, Bahia, Brazil.
Paper presented
Mooleedhar, V. A review of vegetative propagation
methods in Trinidad and its relevance to the mass
production of cocoa plants.
NIHERST 10th Seminar on agricultural research
and development, Agricultural research: beneficial
or irrelevant. 4-5 November 1998, Port of Spain,
Trinidad.
Paper presented
Mooleedhar, V. and Shripat, C. A review of research
in cocoa in Trinidad and Tobago.
Newsletter Articles
Sounigo, O. (1998) A proposed methodology to name
newly collected cacao. Ingenic Newsletter 4: 9-10
International Journal Articles
Cilas, C., Lanaud, C., Paulin, D., Nyassé, S.,
N'Goran , J.A. Kébé, B.I., Ducamp, M., Flament,
M.H., Risterucci, A,M., Pieretti, I., Sounigo, O.,
Thévenin, J-M., and Despréaux, D. (1998) Resistance
to pod rot caused by Phytophthora spp., the search
for resistance components. Plantations, recherché,
développment 5(6): 447-449
Iwaro, A.D. Sreenivasan, T.N., and Umaharan, P.
(1998). Cacao resistance to Phythophthora: effect
of pathogen species; inoculation depths and pod
maturity. European Journal of Plant Pathology 104:
11-15
Return to TOP
CRU Annual Report
1997
Conservation
A
Study of the Morphological Variation in a Relic
Criollo Cacao Population from Belize
(V. Mooleedhar)
Characterisation
Morphological
Characterisation in the International Cocoa Genebank
Trinidad- An Investment for the Future
(F. Bekele, G. Bidaisee and O. Sounigo)
Overview
of the Activities of the Biochemistry Laboratory
(O. Sounigo, Y. Christopher, R. Umaharan and
L. Motilal)
Comparison
between Genetic Diversity Data obtained from Morphological,
Biochemical and Molecular Studies (O. Sounigo, F. Bekele, G. Bidaisee, Y. Christopher and R. Umaharan)
Evaluation
Genetic
Basis of Resistance of cacao to Phytophthora (J-M. Thévenin and L.A. Motilal)
Utilisation
Conservation
and Utilisation of Cacao Germplasm in Breeding for
Disease Resistance
(A. D. Iwaro and T.N. Sreenivasan)
RESEARCH
REPORTS
The CRU/ACRI
Cocoa Butterfat Project (Nalini Khan)
Comparative
Cocoa Liquor Sensory Evaluation Studies (D.A. Sukha and D.R. Butler)
RESEARCH
NOTE
An Electron Microscope
Study of Cocoa Tissues Infected with Crinipellis
perniciosa (T.N. Sreenivasan)
Publications and Presentations
Bekele, F.L. (1997) Documentation of genetic resources
in the International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad. Paper
presented at the USDA Evaluation Workshop on
pc Grin-3, Beltsville, Maryland, USA, April
28th-May 2nd, 1997.
Butler, D.R. (1997) The Cocoa Research Unit, Trinidad
and its relevance to the regional cocoa industry.
Paper presented at the 1° Congreso Venezolano
del cacao y su industria, Estado Aragua, Venezuela,
17-21 November, 1997
Iwaro, A.D., Sreenivasan, T.N. and Umaharan, P.
(1997) Phytophthora resistance in cacao (Theobroma
cacao). Influence of pod morphological characteristics,
Plant Pathology 46: 557-565
Iwaro, A.D., Sreenivasan, T.N. and Umaharan, P.
(1997) Foliar resistance to Phytophthora palmivora
as an indication of pod resistance in Theobroma
cacao, Plant Disease 81(6): 619-624
Iwaro, A.D., Sreenivasan, T.N. and Umaharan, P.
(1997) Inheritance of foliar resistance to Phytophthora
palmivora (Butler) Butler in cacao (Theobroma
cacaoL.), Euphytica 96: 377-383
Iwaro, A.D., Sreenivasan, T.N. and Spence, J.A.
(1997) Studies on Black Pod resistance in Trinidad,
in: Proc. INGENIC Workshop on the Contribution
of disease resistance to cocoa variety improvement,
Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, 25-26 November, 1996 (in
press)
Sounigo, O., Umaharan, R. and Sankar, A. (1997)
Assessing genetic diversity in the International
Cocoa Genebank of Trinidad (ICG,T) using isozyme
electrophoresis, INGENIC Newsletter Issue
No. 3, p.11-16
Sukha, D.A. Commissiong, E.A. and Spence, J.A.
(1997) The influence of fermentation and drying
on the flavour and quality of selected cacao (Theobroma
cacao L.) genoytpes, in Proc. 9th Seminar
on Agricultural Research and Development, NIHERST,
Trinidad (in press)
CRU Annual Report
1996
Conservation
Conservation
Programme (1996)
(V. Mooleedhar)
Characterisation
Evaluation of Some Economic
Characters of Germplasm from the International Cocoa
Genebank Trinidad (F. Bekele, D. Iwaro and G.
Bidaisee)
Overview of the Activities
Performed in the Biochemistry Unit(O. Sounigo,
Y. Christopher, R. Umaharan and L. Motilal)
Genetic Diversity Assessment
of Theobroma cacao L. using Iso-enzyme and
RAPD analyses (O. Sounigo, Y. Christopher and
R. Umaharan)
Evaluation
The Cocoa Butterfat
Project (N. Khan)
The Influence of Fermentation
and Drying on the Flavour and Quality of Selected
Cacao Genotypes (D.A. Sukha, E.A. Commissiong
and J.A. Spence)
A Preliminary Study
of Pod Husk Hardness of Accessions in the International
Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (F. Bekele, G. Bidaisee
and R. Rampat)
Utilisation
Summary
Report of the Workshop on Utilisation of the Cacao
Genetic Resources of the International Cocoa Genebank,
Trinidad (ICG,T) (D.A. Sukha)
Physiology
Acclimation Potential
of the Cacao Plant (Theobroma cacao L.) to
High Irradiance (H.M. Booker, F.B. Lopez, C.R.
McDavid and R.A. Fletcher)
Publications and Presentations
Bekele, F.L. and Bekele, I. (1996) A sampling of
the phenetic diversity in the International Cocoa
Genebank, Trinidad, Crop Science 36(1):57-64
Iwaro, D. (1996) Cocoa Germplasm Enhancement for
resistance to black pod diseases, in Proc. International
Workshop on the Utilisation of the Genetic Resources
of the International Cocoa Genebank Trinidad
(ICG,T) (in press)
Iwaro, D., Sreenivasan, T.N. and Spence, J. (1996)
Studies on black pod disease in Trinidad, in: Proc.
International Workshop on Breeding for Disease Resistance
in cocoa, INGENIC Committee (in press)
Iwaro, D., Sreenivasan, T.N. and Umaharan, P. (1996)
Inheritance of foliar resistance to Phytophthora
palmivora (Butler) Butler in cacao (Theobroma
cacaoL.), Euphytica (accepted for publication
in vol 96, 1997)
Iwaro, D., Sreenivasan, T.N. and Umaharan, P. (1996)
Foliar resistance to Phytophthora palmivora
as an indication of pod resistance in Theobroma
cacao, Plant Disease (accepted for publication
in vol. 81, 1997)
Iwaro, D., Sreenivasan, T.N. and Umaharan, P. (1996)
Cacao resistance to Phytophthora: Effect
of pathogen species, inoculation depths and pod
maturity, European Journal of Plant Pathology
(in press)
Okey, E.N., Duncan, E.J., Sirju-Charran, G. and
Sreenivasan, T.N. (1996) Factors affecting the susceptibility
of six cocoa clones to Phytophthora palmivora
(Butl.) Butler bark canker in Trinidad, Plant
Pathology 45(1) 84-91
Shripat, C., Sukha,D.A., Spence, J.A., and Commissiong,
E.A. (1996) A preliminary evaluation of three fermentation
regimes on the quality of Trinidad and Tobago Cocoa
- assessed via the cut test, in Proc. International
Cocoa Research COnference, Bahia, Brazil (in
press)
Post-graduate Dissertations and Theses
Gillian G. Bidaisee M.Sc. in Tropical Commodity
Utilization.
The potential for an alternative use of cashew
"apples" (Anarcadium occidentale L.) - candied
fruit slices.
Edward Okey Ph.D. in Plant Science (Cocoa Pathology/Biochemistry)
Histopathological and biochemical studies on
cocoa (Theobroma cacaoL.) canker caused by
Phytophthora palmivora (BUTL.) Butler
Romina Umaharan (nee Doodnath) M.Phil. in Plant
Science (Cocoa Genetics)
A study of the intergeneric hybridisation between
Theobroma cacaoL. and Herrania species
Participation in Conferences and
Workshops
Vishnarayan Mooleedhar and Darin Sukha
12th International Cocoa Research Conference
Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, November, 1996
David Iwaro and Frances Bekele
The Second INGENIC Workshop on the Contribution
of Disease Resistance to Cocoa Variety Improvement,
Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, in November, 1996.
Return to TOP
CRU Annual Report
1995
Conservation
Cocoa
Germplasm Movement and Quarantine: Germplasm prospection
in French Guiana, Transfer of LCT-EENs, Germplasm
transfer to the ICG,T from quarantine. (V. Mooleedhar)
Characterisation
A Preliminary
Study of the Effects of Environment on the Expression
of Some Fruit and Seed Characters in Cacao from
the ICG,T (F. Bekele and I. Bekele)
RAPD and
Allozyme analyses for cacao characterization and
genetic diversity assessment, Genome mapping, prebreeding
for resistance genes. (Y. Christopher, A. Sankar
and O. Sounigo)
Reproducibility
of RAPDs (Y. Christopher and O. Sounigo)
Evaluation
A versatile
method for field inoculation of Crinipellis perniciosa
(T.N. Sreenivasan)
Evaluation
of Butterfat Content in T. cacao accession
(N. Khan, S. Subero, L. Grierson, V. Mooleedhar,
P. Umaharan and J. Spence)
Publications
Cocoa Research Unit Newsletter 2 June 1995
Research Papers
Journals
Okey, E.N., Duncan, E.J., Sirju-Charran, G. and
Sreenivasan, T.N. (1995) Wound-healing in cocoa
(Theobroma cacao L.) stem and its effect
on canker caused by Phytophthora palmivora.
International Journal of Tropical Pest Management
41 (4) 224-228
Okey, E.N., Duncan, E.J., Sirju-Charran, G. and
Sreenivasan, T.N. (1995) Phenolics associated with
the resistance of cocoa stems to Phytophthora
canker. Phytopathology 85: 1139, Abstract.
Okey, E.N., Duncan, E.J., Sirju-Charran, G. and
Sreenivasan, T.N. (1995) Factors affecting the susceptibility
of six cocoa clones to Phytophthora palmivora
(Butl.) Butler bark canker. Plant Pathology (Accepted
for publication in Vol 45:84-91, 1996)
Bekele, F.L. and Bekele, I. (1995) A sampling of
the phenetic diversity in the International Cocoa
Genebank, Trinidad, Crop Science (Accepted
for publication in Vol. 36, 1996)
Galyuon, I.K.A., McDavid, C.R., Lopez, F.B. and
Spence, J.A. The effect of leaf irradiance level
on cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.): I. Growth
and leaf adaptations, Tropical Agriculture
(Accepted for publication)
Galyuon, I.K.A., McDavid, C.R., Lopez, F.B. and
Spence, J.A. The effect of irradiance level on cocoa
(Theobroma cacao L.): II. Gas exchange and
chlorophyll fluorescence, Tropical Agriculture
(Accepted for publication)
Papers under preparation or submitted for publication
Okey, E.N., Duncan, E.J., Sirju-Charran, G. and
Sreenivasan, T.N. (1996) Factors affecting the susceptibility
of six cocoa clones to Phytophthora palmivora
(Butl.) Butler bark canker in Trinidad, Plant
Pathology
Kalai, K., Umaharan, P. and Bekele, F.L. The carrying
capacity of three-way crosses of cacao (Theobroma
cacao L.)
Kalai, K., Umaharan, P. and Bekele, F.L. Floral
characteristics of some cacao populations in Trinidad
Okey, E.N., Duncan, E.J., Sirju-Charran, G. and
Sreenivasan, T.N. (1995) Effect of inoculum density
and inoculation technique on the pathogenicity of
Phytophthora palmivora on cocoa stems (European
Journal of Plant Pathology)
In Proceedings
Bekele, F.L. (1995) Further studies on a concise
list of morphological descriptors for cacao. Proceedings
of the International Workshop on Cocoa Breeding
Strategies. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, October
18th-19th, 1994, 155-165.
Presented at Conferences or Seminars
Sukha, D. and Bekele, F.L. (1995) Effective sampling
procedures for Cocoa: A Guide for Buying Agents,
Workshop on Quality of Cocoa for Export, Cocoa and
Coffee Industry Board, August 18, 1995, Port of
Spain, Trinidad.
Mooleedhar, V. and Sukha, D. (1995) Conservation
of Cocoa Genetic Resources: A case study based on
the International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad, Training
Workshop on Field Genebank Management and Potential
Solutions, IPGRI, November 13 - 18, University of
Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico.
Post-graduate Dissertations
Ph.D. Iwaro, David
Adeniyi (1995) Mechanisms of Resistance to Phytophthora
palmivora (Butler) Butler in Cacao (Theobroma
cacao L.) and their Genetic Basis.
Okey, Edward Ntui (1995) Histopathological and
Biochemical Studies on Cocoa (Theobroma cacao
L.) canker caused by Phytophthora palmivora
(Butl.) Butler. (Presented for examination)
M.Phil Kalai, Kurar
Sebastian. Some studies on breeding systems, podset
and yield in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.).
Return to TOP
CRU Annual Report
1994
Conservation
The
International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad (ICG,T) (V.
Mooleedhar, J.A. Spence and F. Bekele)
Quarantine
and Germplasm Movement (V. Mooleedhar, T.N. Sreenivasan
and J.A. Spence)
Characterisation
Morphological
Characterization: Pod indices of germplasm from
the ICG,T (F. Bekele, G. Bidaisee, A. Richardson-Drakes
and R. Waheed)
Biochemical
Characterization (O. Sounigo, Y. Christopher
and A. Sankar)
Evaluation
Grafting
on very young cacao seedlings (T.N. Sreenivasan)
Evaluation
of cacao genetic resources for resistance to black
pod and witches' broom diseases in Trinidad (M.
Ducamp)
Histopathological
and biochemical studies of Phytophthora stem canker
on cocoa -- E. Okey (PhD research supervised
by E.J. Duncan, G. Sirju-Charran and T.N. Sreenivasan)
Nature
of Cacao resistance to Phytophthora infections --
D.A. Iwaro (PhD Research supervised by P. Umaharan,
TN Sreenivasan)
Utilisation
Overview
Paper: Plant breeding and crop improvement in cacao;
a journey in unexplored territory (A.J.Kennedy)
Research
Notes
BREEDING/GENETICS
Some studies on breeding systems, podset and yield
in cacao -- Kurar Kalai (Postgraduate research
supervised by P. Umaharan and F. Bekele)
PHYSIOLOGY
The effect of prolonged drought on growth and development
of cocoa cultivars -- Anna Antwi (Postgraduate
research supervised by C.R. Mc David, F.B.
Lopez and J. A. Spence)
Water relations, gas exchange rates and growth of
cocoa seedlings under drought conditions -- Anna
Antwi (Postgraduate research supervised by F.B.
Lopez, C.R. Mc David, J.A. Spence)
Publications
Cocoa Research Unit Newsletter 1: 8pp. May, 1994
Research Papers
Journals
Bekele, F.L., Kennedy, A.J., McDavid, C.R., Lauckner,
F.B. and Bekele, I. (1994) Numerical taxonomic studies
on cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in Trinidad,
Euphytica 75 231-240
Warren, J.M. (1994) Isozyme variation in a number
of populations of Theobroma cacao L. obtained
through various sampling regimes, Euphytica
72 121-126
Warren, J.M. and Pettitt, T.R. (1994) Estimation
of the number of loci involved in the inheritance
of resistance to Phytophthora palmivora (Butl.)
Butl. in the leaves of Theobroma cacao L.,
Plant Pathology 43 73-79
Warren, J.M., Misir, S. and Kalai, K. (1994) Isozyme
markers for self-incompatibility and yield in cacao
(Theobroma cacao), Heredity
In press
Bekele, F.L. and Bekele, I. (1995) A sampling of
the phenetic diversity in the International Cocoa
Genebank of Trinidad, Crop Science
Okey, E.N., Duncan, E.J., Sirju-Charran, G. and
Sreenivasan, T.N. (1995) Factors affecting the susceptibility
of six cocoa clones to Phytophthora palmivora
(Butl.) Butler bark canker. Plant Pathology
Okey, E.N., Duncan, E.J., Sirju-Charran, G. and
Sreenivasan, T.N. (1995) Wound-healing in cocoa
(Theobroma cacao L.) stem and its effect
on canker caused by Phytophthora palmivora, International
Journal of Tropical Pest Management 41
(4)
Papers under preparation or submitted
for publication
Ali, D.Z., Sreenivasan, T.N. and Lauckner, F.B.
(1994) Copper residue on fungicide-treated cocoa
trees, in the soil, and the distribution of Phytophthora
palmivora in the field
Ali, D.Z., Sreenivasan, T.N. and Lauckner, F.B.
(1994) A comparison of methods of fungicide application
for the control of black pod disease in cocoa
Antwi, A., McDavid, C.R., Lopez, F.B. and Spence,
J.A. The effect of prolonged drought on growth and
development of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) cultivars,
Tropical Agriculture
Antwi, A., McDavid, C.R., Lopez, F.B. and Spence,
J.A. Water relations, gas exchange rates and growth
of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) seedlings under
drought conditions, Tropical Agriculture
Galyuon, I.K.A., McDavid, C.R., Lopez, F.B. and
Spence, J.A. The effect of irradiance level on cocoa
(Theobroma cacao): II. Gas exchange and chlorophyll
fluorescence, Tropical Agriculture
Kalai, K., Umaharan, P. and Bekele, F.L. The carrying
capacity of three-way crosses of cacao (Theobroma
cacao L.)
Kalai, K., Umaharan, P. and Bekele, F.L. Floral
characteristics of some cacao populations in Trinidad
Okey, E.N., Duncan, E.J., Sirju-Charran, G. and
Sreenivasan, T.N. (1994) The effect of zoospore
concentration and inoculation techniques on the
development of Phytophthora on cocoa stem
canker
Okey, E.N., Duncan, E.J., Sirju-Charran, G. and
Sreenivasan, T.N. (1994) Changes in peroxidase and
polyphenoloxidase associated with Phytophthora
palmivora (Butl.) Butler infection of cocoa
stems
In Proceedings
Bekele, F.L. (1995) Further studies on a concise
list of morphological descriptors for cacao. Proceedings
of the International Workshop on Cocoa Breeding
Strategies. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, October
18th-19th, 1994, 155-165.
Okey, E.N., Duncan, E.J., Sirju-Charran, G. and
Sreenivasan, T.N. (1994) Histopathological Studies
of Phytophthora infection on cocoa stem. Proceedings
of the 11th International Cocoa Research Conference,
Cote d'Ivoire, 61-65
Presented at Conferences or Seminars
Bekele, F.L. (1994) Flavour assessment of cocoa
in the International Cocoa Gene bank, Trinidad.
Paper presented at the 3rd Caricom Cocoa Producers'
Meeting, Port of Spain, 18th-20th January, 1994
Iwaro, A.D.; Sreenivasan, T.N. and Umaharan, P.
(1994) Indicators of resistance in cocoa (Theobroma
cacao) to black pod disease caused by P.
palmivora. Accepted for oral presentation at
the 30th Conference of the Caribbean Food Crop
Society in St. Thomas, Virgin Island, U.S.A.
Okey, E.N., Duncan, E.J., Sirju-Charran, G. and
Sreenivasan, T.N. (1994) Changes in peroxidase associated
with infection of cocoa stems by Phytophthora
palmivora. A paper presented at the 30th
Conference of the Caribbean Food Crop Society,
U.S. Virgin Islands.
Spence, J.A Conservation, characterization and
utilisation of cocoa genetic resources. Advances
in Tropical Agriculture in the 20th Century and
prospects for the 21st century. (TA 2000), Port
of Spain, Trinidad
Spence, J.A Conservation, characterization and
utilisation of cocoa genetic resources. Paper presented
at the 30th Annual Conference of the Caribbean
Food Crops Society, U.S. Virgin Islands.
Post-graduate Dissertations
M.Phil
Kalai, Kurar Sebastian. Some studies on breeding
systems, podset and yield in cacao (Theobroma
cacao L.). October, 1994 (Submitted for examination)
Antwi, Anna. The effects of water deficit on growth
and development in young cocoa plants
Galyuon, Isaac. A study of the responses of cacao
(Theobroma cacao L.) to high irradiance
Posters
Antwi, A., McDavid, C.R., Lopez, F.B. and Spence,
J.A. Morphological response of cocoa (Theobroma
cacao L.) to water deficit. Advances in Tropical
Agriculture in the 20th Century and prospects for
the 21st century. (TA 2000), Port of Spain,
Trinidad
Iwaro, A.D., Sreenivasan, T.N. and Umaharan, P.
Modes of penetration of cocoa leaves by Phytophthora
palmivora (Butl.) Butler. Advances in Tropical
Agriculture in the 20th Century and prospects for
the 21st century. (TA 2000), Port of Spain,
Trinidad
Okey, E.N., Duncan, E.J., Sirju-Charran, G. and
Sreenivasan, T.N. Reaction of cocoa stems to Phytophthora
palmivora (Butl.) Butler infection. Advances
in Tropical Agriculture in the 20th Century and
prospects for the 21st century. (TA 2000), Port
of Spain, Trinidad
Sounigo, O., Christopher, Y., Doodnath, R., Johnson,
R., Singh, V., Sreenivasan, T.N., Umaharan, P. and
Spence, J.A. Biotechnology at Cocoa Research Unit,
Trinidad. Caribbean Society of Biotechnology,
2nd Congress of Biotechnology, Inter-American
University of Puerto-Rico, March 26, 1994
Sounigo, O., Christopher, Y. and Spence, J.A. The
characterization of cocoa germplasm using biochemical
and molecular markers. Fourth Caribbean Biotechnology
Conference: Biotechnology - its potential in the
Caribbean. Caribbean Biotechnology Network, Organised
by UNESCO, FAO in association with CARIRI and UWI.
Port of Spain, 12-13 September, 1994
Sounigo, O., Misir-Balladin, S., Christopher, Y.,
Sreenivasan, T.N., Umaharan, P., Singh, V., Baboe,
R. Doodnath, R. and Spence, J.A. Biotechnology at
Cocoa Research Unit, Trinidad. Fourth Caribbean
Biotechnology Conference: Biotechnology - its potential
in the Caribbean. Caribbean Biotechnology Network,
Organised by UNESCO, FAO in association with CARIRI
and UWI. Port of Spain, 12-13 September, 1994
The CRU has also organised an exhibition of several
posters depicting the Unit's work to familiarize
the Director of FAO during his visit to the UWI
campus in 1994.
Return to TOP
CRU Annual Report
1993
Genetic
Resources
Using
morphological descriptors to assess phenetic diversity
within the International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad.
(F. Bekele, I. Bekele, A. Richardson-Drakes,
G. Seow and R. Waheed)
Observations
on manual pollination on clones of three way crosses
with respect to carrying capacity in cacao (Theobroma
cacao L.) -- Kurar Kalai (Postgraduate research
supervised by P. Umaharan and J. Warren)
Biochemistry
The
reproducibility of DNA polymorphisms in Theobroma
cacao L. as exhibited using RAPD analysis. (Y.
Christopher)
Genetic
diversity studies of Theobroma cacao L. utilizing
isozyme electrophoresis (S. Misir and O. Sounigo)
Programme
of the Cocoa Research Unit Biochemistry Laboratory
(O. Sounigo, Y. Christopher and S. Misir)
Pathology
Relationship
between leaf and pod resistance in cacao to Phytophthora
palmivora infection (D.A. Iwaro, T.N. Sreenivasan
and P. Umaharan)
Histochemical
investigations on cotyledon retention in cacao seedlings
infected with Crinipellis perniciosa (L.A.
Motilal, G. Sirju-Charran and T.N. Sreenivasan)
Research
Project on Witches' Broom (M. Ducamp, Visiting
Scientist -- CIRAD-CP)
Histopathological
and biochemical studies of Phytophthora stem
canker on cocoa -- E. Okey (PhD research supervised
by E.J. Duncan, G. Sirju-Charran and T.N. Sreenivasan)
The biology,
ecology and control of the wet wood termite, Neotermes
spp -- C. Williams (Postgraduate research
supervised by T.N. Sreenivasan, G.V. Pollard and
K. Buckmire)
Rodent
resistance in Theobroma cacao L. -- D.Z.
Emamdie (Postgraduate research supervised by
R.A.I. Braithwaite, A.R. Maxwell, J.M. Warren, T.N.
Sreeniv |
